Descriptive Statistics Final Project with Python & R

Standard_deviation_diagram

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    Overview

    Welcome to the Descriptive Statistics Final Project! In this project, you will demonstrate what you have learned in this course by conducting an experiment dealing with drawing from a deck of playing cards and creating a writeup containing your findings. Be sure to check through the project rubric to self-assess and share with others who will give you feedback.

    Questions for Investigation

    This experiment will require the use of a standard deck of playing cards. This is a deck of fifty-two cards divided into four suits (spades (♠), hearts (), diamonds (), and clubs (♣)), each suit containing thirteen cards (Ace, numbers 2-10, and face cards Jack, Queen, and King). You can use either a physical deck of cards for this experiment or you may use a virtual deck of cards such as that found on random.org (http://www.random.org/playing-cards/). For the purposes of this task, assign each card a value: The Ace takes a value of 1, numbered cards take the value printed on the card, and the Jack, Queen, and King each take a value of 10.

    1. First, create a histogram depicting the relative frequencies of the card values.
    2. Now, we will get samples for a new distribution. To obtain a single sample, shuffle your deck of cards and draw three cards from it. (You will be sampling from the deck without replacement.) Record the cards that you have drawn and the sum of the three cards’ values. Repeat this sampling procedure a total of at least thirty times.
    3. Let’s take a look at the distribution of the card sums. Report descriptive statistics for the samples you have drawn. Include at least two measures of central tendency and two measures of variability.
    4. Create a histogram of the sampled card sums you have recorded. Compare its shape to that of the original distribution. How are they different, and can you explain why this is the case?
    5. Make some estimates about values you will get on future draws. Within what range will you expect approximately 90% of your draw values to fall? What is the approximate probability that you will get a draw value of at least 20? Make sure you justify how you obtained your values.

    Load the libraries

    Create card deck

    1. Create a histogram depicting the relative frequencies of the card values

    First, create a histogram depicting the relative frequencies of the card values.

    plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-3

    2. Get samples for a new distribution

    Now, we will get samples for a new distribution. To obtain a single sample, shuffle your deck of cards and draw three cards from it. (You will be sampling from the deck without replacement.) Record the cards that you have drawn and the sum of the three cards’ values. Repeat this sampling procedure a total of at least thirty times.

    3. Report descriptive statistics for the samples

    Let’s take a look at the distribution of the card sums. Report descriptive statistics for the samples you have drawn. Include at least two measures of central tendency and two measures of variability.

    4. Create a histogram of the sampled card sums you have recorded

    Create a histogram of the sampled card sums you have recorded. Compare its shape to that of the original distribution. How are they different, and can you explain why this is the case?

    plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-6

    5. Make some estimates about values you will get on future draws

    Make some estimates about values you will get on future draws. Within what range will you expect approximately 90% of your draw values to fall? What is the approximate probability that you will get a draw value of at least 20? Make sure you justify how you obtained your values.

    a. Within what range will you expect approximately 90% of your draw values to fall?

    b. Approximate probability that you will get a draw value of at least 20?

    Calculate the z score

    $Z=\frac{X-\mu}{\sigma}$

    We could lookup the value in the Z score table, but I want to calculate it.

    Convert the Z score to a p-value with the Cumulative Distribution Function. We want to find the probability is larger than the given number so we use the lower.tail=FALSE.

    $F(x) = 1 - P(X <= x)$

    As we can see the probability that we will get a draw value of at least 20 is 0.4662594.

7 comments on “Descriptive Statistics Final Project with Python & R”

  1. George says:

    Since R vectors can not contain data of the different types:
    this
    cards <- c("A", as.character(seq(2,10)), "J", "Q", "K")
    is equal to this
    cards <- c("A", 2:10, "J", "Q", "K")

    1. jletteboer says:

      Hi George, that’s also possible, thanks for the mention.

  2. Mirek says:

    Good intro to descriptive statistics in R…just one comment.

    In the case of your first plot, I believe your aesthetics should be ‘X=value’ not ‘x=values’ …

    ggplot(deck, aes(x=values))

    …since that is how you named it when building the deck:

    deck$value <- values

    but I may be wrong 🙂

    1. jletteboer says:

      Hi Mirek,

      You’re right, it’s not correct. In this case it works because the values will iterate over the data in the deck and stays the same.

      I’ve changed my code.

      Thanks for the mention 🙂

Comments are closed.

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